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CATTI真經(jīng) | 二級(jí)筆譯解題技技技技技巧點(diǎn)撥
01
二級(jí)筆譯綜合考試真題大綱概述
考試目的
檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)試者對英語詞匯、語法的掌握程度，以及閱讀理解、推理與釋義的能力。
考試基本要求
1.二級(jí)筆譯要求學(xué)生掌握8000個(gè)以上英語詞匯。
2.掌握并能夠正確運(yùn)用雙語語法。
3.具備對各種文體英語文章的閱讀理解能力。
4. 了解中國和英語國家的文化背景知識(shí)。
考試題型
二級(jí)《筆譯綜合能力》考試時(shí)間共計(jì)120分鐘，試卷滿分100分。
題型與分?jǐn)?shù)分布如下：
第一部分是詞匯和語法，共60道選擇題，每題1分，共60分;時(shí)間25分鐘。
此部分分為三節(jié)：
第一節(jié)：詞匯選擇，共20道選擇題，每題1分，共20分;
第二節(jié)：詞匯替換，共20道選擇題，每題1分，共20分;
第三節(jié)：改錯(cuò)，共20道選擇題，每題1分，共20分;
第二部分是閱讀理解，共30道選擇題，每題1分，共30分;時(shí)間70分鐘。
第三部分是完形填空，共20個(gè)空，每個(gè)空0.5分，共10分;時(shí)間25分鐘。
02
二級(jí)筆譯綜合考試特征分析及解題步驟與技巧
Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar
題型分析
“Vocabulary and Grammar”部分旨在考查考生詞匯與語法綜合運(yùn)用能力。共60道題，每題1分，共60分。
該部分題型包括“詞匯選擇”、“詞匯替換”與“改錯(cuò)”三類。每類各20題。
考查重點(diǎn)
“詞匯選擇”和“詞匯替換”重點(diǎn)考查詞匯能力，“改錯(cuò)重點(diǎn)考查語法能力。
Part I Vocabulary Selection
題型分析
根據(jù)國家外文局所發(fā)布的《全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試英語筆譯二級(jí)考試大綱(試行)》，英語筆譯二級(jí)考試的筆譯綜合能力測試在詞匯方面，要求考生掌握 8000 個(gè)以上英語詞匯，與之相對應(yīng)的考核即Part 1 Vocabulary Selection，考核應(yīng)試者對英語詞匯、語法的掌握程度。
本部分共20題，每題1分，共20分，占總分的20%。題型為單項(xiàng)選擇題，每題的備選項(xiàng)中只有1個(gè)選項(xiàng)最符合題意。
測試重點(diǎn)
本部分的測試重點(diǎn)為詞匯量以及詞匯掌握程度，即對備選詞匯的語義理解與語用搭配的掌握程度。只涉及基本語法，并非對語法知識(shí)的專門考察。因此本部分以對動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞的語義、語用考察為主，近五年的真題中沒有出現(xiàn)對虛詞的專門考察。
以下題為例
The surgeons often wear loupes mounted on eye glasses to ____ their work, which limits their field of vision to a few inches.
A. track
B. capture
C. magnify
D. strengthen
【解析】在本題中，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞不定式均能與work構(gòu)成合乎語法、并且在邏輯上也說得過去的搭配，解題的關(guān)鍵在于考生是否認(rèn)識(shí)“l(fā)oupes(小型放大鏡)”這個(gè)單詞?？梢娫~匯量是本部分的基礎(chǔ)。
再以下題為例
The new accessibility of land around almost every major city ________ an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we know as urbanization.
A. incited
B. followed
C. claimed
D. sparked
【解析】本題所涉及的語法知識(shí)只有兩點(diǎn)：1、劃線部分為句子謂語動(dòng)詞部分;2、選項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)(而非分詞或形容詞)?？梢娚婕暗恼Z法知識(shí)都比較基礎(chǔ)，重點(diǎn)在于對于近形、近義詞的語義辨析和語用搭配知識(shí)。
解題步驟
首先，確定句子整體架構(gòu)、明確劃線部分在句子中的成分。一般來說，本部分的題目重在詞義辨析，因此備選項(xiàng)的詞性相同;但同一詞在不同的句子成分中語義不同，因此確定劃線部分的成分是第一步。其次，需要理清上下文的邏輯語義關(guān)系。不同于傳統(tǒng)的語法題目，本部分強(qiáng)調(diào)對詞匯的使用知識(shí)(即語用方面)的掌握;大部分題目的選項(xiàng)從語法上看可能都是正確的，需要依據(jù)題干上下文的邏輯語義關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。最后，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的語義或語用進(jìn)行選擇。這里常常需要注意近義詞的語用辨析。
我們同樣以上題為例
首先，由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知?jiǎng)澗€部分為謂語動(dòng)詞部分。主語“The new accessibility”與“an explosion of real estate development”之間缺少了謂語動(dòng)詞。
其次判斷邏輯關(guān)系。“可獲得的新土地”與“房地產(chǎn)之間的爆炸式增長”之間，存在因果、致使的關(guān)系(由此可知A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)是符合語義邏輯的)。
最后進(jìn)行辨析。例如在上題中，“incited”和“sparked”都有“引發(fā)”的意思，但incited有“煽動(dòng)”之意，不符合本題的語用習(xí)慣，因此sparked更符合題意。
解題技巧
詞匯量是本部分的解題基礎(chǔ)。相當(dāng)一部分的題目考察考生是否掌握所考詞匯的語義，即是否識(shí)記、了解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞匯的語義。其次，理解題意、理清題干結(jié)構(gòu)就能提高解題效率。選項(xiàng)所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠约捌湓诰渥拥倪壿嬚Z義結(jié)構(gòu)中的地位，對于解題來說至關(guān)重要。最后，詞匯的語用習(xí)慣也是本部分重點(diǎn)考察的方面。因此考生在進(jìn)行有針對性的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，不僅要牢記詞匯語義，更要注意詞匯的語用環(huán)境與使用習(xí)慣。
因此，本部分的真題解析，重點(diǎn)對題目的語義邏輯、詞匯的語用習(xí)慣、語義辨析進(jìn)行了例證和解釋，以期考生能迅速掌握不熟悉詞匯的語義和用法，達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。
詞匯量是本部分的解題基礎(chǔ)。相當(dāng)一部分的題目考察考生是否掌握所考詞匯的語義，即是否識(shí)記、了解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞匯的語義。其次，理解題意、理清題干結(jié)構(gòu)就能提高解題效率。選項(xiàng)所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠约捌湓诰渥拥倪壿嬚Z義結(jié)構(gòu)中的地位，對于解題來說至關(guān)重要。最后，詞匯的語用習(xí)慣也是本部分重點(diǎn)考察的方面。因此考生在進(jìn)行有針對性的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，不僅要牢記詞匯語義，更要注意詞匯的語用環(huán)境與使用習(xí)慣。
因此，本部分的真題解析，重點(diǎn)對題目的語義邏輯、詞匯的語用習(xí)慣、語義辨析進(jìn)行了例證和解釋，以期考生能迅速掌握不熟悉詞匯的語義和用法，達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。
catti二級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題
English-ChineseTranslation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.
Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.
Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.
After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.
In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.
"Things got pretty active [Saturday morning]," an official said at a Saturday press conference. "The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." By LearnAndRecord
But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long. "More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."
The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.
The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this."
注：原文節(jié)選自「ABC NEWS」：Lava flow intensifies in Hawaii eruptions, spews 200 feet in air (May 8, 2018)及 Drone footage gives terrifying glimpse of Hawaiian volcano damage(May 7, 2018)，
Passage 2
Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not always match people's experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, don't feel that upside.
The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the nuances of inequality. And averages don't tell us very much at all.
Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, a measly $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation. By LearnAndRecord
Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two capuchin monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer.
The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the U.S. in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing age – good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area?
Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP, had doubts about his creation. He did not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become enraptured with a single measure that offers only limited information.
