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Passage 10

In the United States between 1850 and 1880, the number of farmers continued to increase, but at a rate lower than that of the general population.

1. Which of the following statements directly contradicts the information presented above?

A. The number of farmers in the general population increased slightly in the

30 years between 1850 and 1880.

B. The rate of growth of the United States labor force and the rate of growth of the general population rose simultaneously in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.

C. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force remained constant in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.

D. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force decreased from 64 percent in 1850 to 49 percent in 1880.

E. The proportion of farmers in the general population increased from 68 percent in 1850 to 72 percent in 1880.

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Passage 11

A ten-year comparison between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of crop yields per acre revealed that when only planted acreage is compared, Soviet yields were equal to 68 percent of United States yields. When total agricultural acreage (planted acreage plus fallow acreage) is compared, however, Soviet yield was 114 percent of United States yield.

1. From the information above, which of the following can be most reliably inferred about United States and Soviet agriculture during the ten-year period?

A. A higher percentage of total agricultural acreage was fallow in the United States than in the Soviet Union.

B. The United States had more fallow acreage than planted acreage.

C. Fewer total acres of available agricultural land were fallow in the Soviet Union than in the United States.

D. The Soviet Union had more planted acreage than fallow acreage.

E. The Soviet Union produced a greater volume of crops than the United

States produced.

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Passage 12

For hot desert locations with access to seawater, a new greenhouse design generates freshwater and cool air. Oriented to the prevailing wind, the front wall of perforated cardboard, moistened and cooled by a trickle of seawater pumped in, cools and moistens hot air blowing in. This cool, humidified air accelerates plant growth; little water evaporates from leaves. Though greenhouses normally capture the heat of sunlight, a double-layered roof, the inner layer coated to reflect infrared light outward, allows visible sunlight in but traps solar heat between the two layers. This heated air, drawn down from the roof, then mixes with the greenhouse air as it reaches a second sea-water-moistened cardboard wall at the back of the greenhouse. There the air absorbs more moisture, which then condenses on a metal wall cooled by seawater, and thus distilled water for irrigating the plants collects.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the process described in the passage makes use of which of the following?

A. The tendency of hot air to rise

B. The directional movement of wind

C. The temperature differential between the sea and the desert

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2. It can be inferred that the greenhouse roof is designed to allow for which of the following?

A. The avoidance of intense solar heat inside the greenhouse

B. The entry of sunlight into the greenhouse to make the plants grow

C. The mixture of heated air with greenhouse air to enhance the collection of moisture

GRE閱讀真題之OG

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Passage 13

Many critics of Emily Bront?’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counter point that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts.

Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?

A. The second part has received more attention from critics.

B. The second part has little relation to the first part.

C. The second part annuls the force of the first part.

D. The second part provides less substantiation for a romantic reading.

E. The second part is better because it is more realistic.

2. Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?

A. James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.

B. James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.

C. James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of Bront?.

D. James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.

E. James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.

3. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

A. not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

B. not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

C. not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure

D. concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structure

E. primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

4. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?

A. Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.

B. Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.

C. Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.

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Passage 14

Whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were used for expressing abstract universal concepts can be clearly answered in the case of Nahuatl. Nahuatl, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.

The tlamatinime (those who know) were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms, the most characteristic in Nahuatl is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. Used metaphorically, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding present-day research relating to Nahuatl?

A. Some record or evidence of the thought of the tlamatinime is available.

B. For at least some Nahuatl expressions, researchers are able to trace their derivation from another ancient American language.

C. Researchers believe that in Nahuatl, abstract universal concepts are always expressed metaphorically.

2. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author introduces a specific Nahuatl mode of expression that is not identified as being shared with certain European languages.

3. In the context in which it appears, “coinages” (line 9) most nearly means

A. adaptations

B. creations

C. idiosyncrasies

D. pronunciations

E. currencies