Lesson 47 Too high a price?代價(jià)太高?

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What does the writer describe as an 'amusing old-fashioned source of noise'?
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and wisteria in dairy products. And if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!
However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation. A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather spurring and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.
參考譯文
污染就是我們?yōu)檫@個(gè)人口過(guò)密，過(guò)度工業(yè)化的星球所付出的代價(jià)。當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始考慮垃圾問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們只有4種對(duì)付垃圾的方法：傾倒、焚燒、把垃圾變成再生材料或試圖少產(chǎn)生一些垃圾。我們一直在試這4種方式，但是，我們?cè)谑澜绶秶鷥?nèi)僅產(chǎn)生的垃圾的量就有把我們覆蓋的危險(xiǎn)。
然而，垃圾只是我們這個(gè)星球的污染問(wèn)題的一個(gè)方面。日益增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)廉價(jià)食物的需求導(dǎo)致了另一種形式的污染。工業(yè)化的農(nóng)作方式生產(chǎn)出廉價(jià)的肉類(lèi)制品——牛肉、豬肉和雞肉。使用殺蟲(chóng)劑和化肥生產(chǎn)出廉價(jià)的谷物和蔬菜。為了廉價(jià)食物我們付出代價(jià)已經(jīng)太高了：牛肉中的瘋牛病，雞肉和雞蛋中的沙門(mén)氏菌，奶制品中的利斯特 桿菌。如果你想放棄肉類(lèi)而變成一位素食者，那么你可以兩者擇一：或是選用價(jià)格昂貴、有機(jī)培植的蔬菜，或是當(dāng)你認(rèn)為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜或飲用一杯無(wú)害的水的時(shí)候，實(shí)際上每次都不斷吃進(jìn)殺蟲(chóng)劑。
但是，還有一種更加隱蔽有害的污染，它專(zhuān)門(mén)影響城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)，侵襲我們的日常生活，那就是噪音。防盜警報(bào)器在白天和黑夜的任何時(shí)候都會(huì)響起來(lái)，它的作用只是騷 擾過(guò)路行人，而實(shí)際上卻幫助竊賊入室行竊。在街上，汽車(chē)的防盜警報(bào)不斷對(duì)我們吼叫，這是人們極度煩燥的一個(gè)原因，最近一個(gè)有關(guān)噪音的作用的調(diào)查（令人吃驚 地）指出，夜間連續(xù)不斷的狗叫聲，在一個(gè)從1級(jí)至7級(jí)刻度表上應(yīng)列為最嚴(yán)重的噪間污染。這個(gè)調(diào)查揭示了我們所不喜歡的大量的噪間的來(lái)源：夏天嗚嗚作響的割草機(jī)，公寓樓里深夜聚會(huì)的喧嘩聲，大聲吵鬧的鄰居，各式各樣的車(chē)輛，特別是穿越寂靜的村莊的集裝箱卡車(chē)，從頭頂飛過(guò)的飛機(jī)和直升機(jī)，被帶到公共場(chǎng)所、音量開(kāi)到最大的大功率收音機(jī)。新技術(shù)也為噪音作了它的貢獻(xiàn)。許多人都反對(duì)移動(dòng)式電話，特別是在如飯店，公共交通車(chē)等公共場(chǎng)所使用移動(dòng)電話。用移動(dòng)電話大聲交談 干擾我們的思路，破壞我們和朋友在一起輕聲聊天所得到的樂(lè)趣。這個(gè)有關(guān)噪音的污染調(diào)查還揭示了一種出人意外而同時(shí)可能會(huì)引人意外而同時(shí)可能會(huì)引人發(fā)笑的老 式噪音源。它竟然是鼾聲。人類(lèi)是這方面的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。調(diào)查指出，20%的35歲左右的男人打鼾；而到60歲這個(gè)年齡段，這個(gè)數(shù)字上升到令人驚愕的60%。與 這些數(shù)字相比，只有5%的女性經(jīng)常打鼾；而其余則經(jīng)常被與她們同睡、像吹號(hào)似地打著呼嚕的男人吵醒或弄得睡不著。不管噪聲來(lái)自何方，有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：看來(lái)寂靜已變成一種珍貴的回憶。

New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
pollution
n. 污染

overpopulated
adj. 人口多的

over-industrialized
adj. 過(guò)度工業(yè)化的

sheer
adj. 純粹的，不摻雜的

worldwide
adv. 在全世界

overwhelm
v. 制服，使不知所措

pollute
v. 污染

pesticide
n. 殺蟲(chóng)劑

fertilizer
n. 肥料

salmonella
n. 沙門(mén)氏菌

listeria
n. 利斯特桿菌

vegetarian
n. 吃素的人

organically-grown
adj. 有機(jī)培植的（不施化肥和其他化學(xué)藥品培植）

insidious
adj. 暗中為害的

urban
adj. 城市的

burglar
n. 竊賊

burgle
v. 入室偷竊

scream
v. 尖叫

profound
adj. 極度的

irritation
n. 煩躁

incessantly
adv. 連續(xù)不斷地

whine
v. 發(fā)嗚嗚聲

helicopter
n. 直升飛機(jī)

maximum
adj. 最大的

technology
n. 技術(shù)

contribution
n. 貢獻(xiàn)

mobile
adj. 可移動(dòng)的

snore
v. 打鼾

offender
v. 冒犯者

staggering
adj. 令人驚愕的

trumpet
v. 吹號(hào)

partner
n. 伙伴

Notes on the text課文注釋
1 pay for，付出代價(jià)，得到報(bào)應(yīng)。
2 Mad Cow Disease (BSE)，瘋牛病。
這是牛得的一種病的醫(yī)學(xué)名稱的縮寫(xiě)，全稱為牛海綿狀組織病。這種病的首例在80年代末發(fā)生在英國(guó)，很難徹底治愈。此病俗稱“瘋牛病”，因?yàn)榛疾〉膭?dòng)物無(wú)法控制自身的行為。
3 you have the choice of very expensive organically grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables...你可以兩者擇一:或是選用價(jià)格昂貴、有機(jī)培植的蔬菜，或是當(dāng)你認(rèn)為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜的時(shí)候，實(shí)際上每次都不斷地吃進(jìn)殺蟲(chóng)劑。
the choice of...or...，在...和...之間選擇。
4 burglar alarm，防盜警報(bào)器;go off 響起。
5 car alarm，汽車(chē)防盜警報(bào)器。
6 large container truck，運(yùn)輸大型集裝箱的卡車(chē)。
7 mobile phone，移動(dòng)式電話，俗稱"大哥大"。
8 against these figures，與這些數(shù)字相比。

Lesson 47 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer