起形容詞作用的分詞（形容詞型分詞）
記得前兩天有旺友問“動詞+ed"作形容詞的問題，剛好張道真的一本語法書上有很詳細的介紹，準備把它拿到這和大家共享。有點長，而我打字又慢，慢慢輸吧，爭取在7-10天內完成：）
起形容詞作用的分詞（形容詞型分詞）
a. 分詞作定語的用法
1)總的特點
分詞可以作定語，修飾或是限制一個名詞，可以放在它前面，也可以放在它后面。一般說來，簡單分詞可以放在名詞前面，分詞短語放在名詞后面。
a)放在名詞前面的分詞
1/表示動作的分詞：
一個現在分詞或過去分詞放在名詞前時，可以表示一時的動作，這時它的動詞特點勝過形容詞特點，相當于一個定語從句
Do you see the rising sun(=sun which is rising) in the east?
They tried to surround the retreating troops (=troops which were retreating).
The roaring lion frightened all the animals in the jungle.
They tried to deliver the besieged city (=city which was being besieged).
These repeated efforts(=efforts which were being repeated) were still inadequate.
Those oppressed nations (=nations that are being oppressed ) are rising to liberate themselves.
2/表示特點的分詞：
它也可以表示比較長久或永久性的特點。這時它的形容詞特點勝過它的動詞特點：
Germs are living creatures (=not inanimate things, creatures that can live).
She is a charming lady (attractive lady, lady who charms others)
The working classes are usually poor.
There were many flying fish.
We watched the moving pictures (=motion pictures)
Used cars (=old cars,cars which have been used) are cheaper than new ones/
Stolen love (=Secret love, love which is stolen), though dangerous, tastes exceptionally sweet.
This printed matter may be sent by mail.
3/和用作形容詞的動名詞的差別：
用在名詞前的現在分詞和用在名詞前起形容詞作用的動名詞是有區別的，從意思上、重音上及是否加連字號，都有區別。下面各對句子中，第一句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為分詞，第二句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為動名詞：
Boiling water(=Water that is boiling) can produce enormous power.
Water begins to boil at the boiling-point(=point at which liquid boils;而不是point which boils).
He is a walking dictionary (=dictionary that canwalk, learned man).
He came with a walking-stick (=stick for walking;非stick that os walking)
How clever that dancing bear (=bear that is dancing) is!
He is a dancing-master (=master who teaches dancing).
Someone said many years ago that China was a sleeping lion (=lion that was sleeping).
He is in the sleeping-car (=car for sleeping,而不是 car that is sleeping).
Running water is cleaner than stagnant water.
It is a running-track for sportsmen.
4/用作名詞的情況
和形容詞一樣，某些分詞在加the時（后面不跟名詞），可以代表一類人或一種抽象東西：
Which are more numerous, the dead or the living (=the living people)
Something must be done immediately with the wounded and the dying.
What should we do with the oppressed, the defeated the insulted and the injured?
Can we say anything about the unseen (=the thing unseen) and the unknown (=the thing unknown)?
記得前兩天有旺友問“動詞+ed"作形容詞的問題，剛好張道真的一本語法書上有很詳細的介紹，準備把它拿到這和大家共享。有點長，而我打字又慢，慢慢輸吧，爭取在7-10天內完成：）
起形容詞作用的分詞（形容詞型分詞）
a. 分詞作定語的用法
1)總的特點
分詞可以作定語，修飾或是限制一個名詞，可以放在它前面，也可以放在它后面。一般說來，簡單分詞可以放在名詞前面，分詞短語放在名詞后面。
a)放在名詞前面的分詞
1/表示動作的分詞：
一個現在分詞或過去分詞放在名詞前時，可以表示一時的動作，這時它的動詞特點勝過形容詞特點，相當于一個定語從句
Do you see the rising sun(=sun which is rising) in the east?
They tried to surround the retreating troops (=troops which were retreating).
The roaring lion frightened all the animals in the jungle.
They tried to deliver the besieged city (=city which was being besieged).
These repeated efforts(=efforts which were being repeated) were still inadequate.
Those oppressed nations (=nations that are being oppressed ) are rising to liberate themselves.
2/表示特點的分詞：
它也可以表示比較長久或永久性的特點。這時它的形容詞特點勝過它的動詞特點：
Germs are living creatures (=not inanimate things, creatures that can live).
She is a charming lady (attractive lady, lady who charms others)
The working classes are usually poor.
There were many flying fish.
We watched the moving pictures (=motion pictures)
Used cars (=old cars,cars which have been used) are cheaper than new ones/
Stolen love (=Secret love, love which is stolen), though dangerous, tastes exceptionally sweet.
This printed matter may be sent by mail.
3/和用作形容詞的動名詞的差別：
用在名詞前的現在分詞和用在名詞前起形容詞作用的動名詞是有區別的，從意思上、重音上及是否加連字號，都有區別。下面各對句子中，第一句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為分詞，第二句中帶-ing詞尾的動詞為動名詞：
Boiling water(=Water that is boiling) can produce enormous power.
Water begins to boil at the boiling-point(=point at which liquid boils;而不是point which boils).
He is a walking dictionary (=dictionary that canwalk, learned man).
He came with a walking-stick (=stick for walking;非stick that os walking)
How clever that dancing bear (=bear that is dancing) is!
He is a dancing-master (=master who teaches dancing).
Someone said many years ago that China was a sleeping lion (=lion that was sleeping).
He is in the sleeping-car (=car for sleeping,而不是 car that is sleeping).
Running water is cleaner than stagnant water.
It is a running-track for sportsmen.
4/用作名詞的情況
和形容詞一樣，某些分詞在加the時（后面不跟名詞），可以代表一類人或一種抽象東西：
Which are more numerous, the dead or the living (=the living people)
Something must be done immediately with the wounded and the dying.
What should we do with the oppressed, the defeated the insulted and the injured?
Can we say anything about the unseen (=the thing unseen) and the unknown (=the thing unknown)?
