雅思閱讀題型特點分析

由天下分享時間：2022-04-02 23:27:21 加入收藏我要投稿點贊

雅思閱讀考試題型繁多，從常見的選擇題，配對題，摘要題，到判斷題等共計14種之多。小編給大家帶來了雅思閱讀題型特點分析，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀題型特點分析 3大共性貫穿全部題型

雅思閱讀考試題型特性之語言模式

段落

英美報刊的文章不管它是新聞還是特寫之類的，它的段落短小就是它的一大特點，一個段落往往就是只有那么一句話或兩句話。一般來講，英美報刊段落大概都是由60個單詞組成的，平均差不多會在4行左右。據說，這是專家經過了科學的實驗后總結出來的經驗，專家認為這是最適合讀者的一個段落長度。

大多數的雅思閱讀文章的段落長度也都是在這個范圍之內。但是由于那些雜志期刊也是考試命題的重要來源，所以在實戰中長度很大的段落也是屢見不鮮的。

簡明

報紙的編輯出版往往是受時間限制的，并且一切都是在時間的壓力下去完成的。因此報紙一般都比較推崇簡明的風格。

雅思閱讀考試題型特性之時效性

雅思閱讀文章全部都是選自一些英美主流報刊雜志。所以一版考生在考試的時候會經常遇到一些時髦話題的文章，像BSE(瘋牛病)、911事件、或者是安然公司破產案這樣的內容在考試中都出現過。所以大家平時最好是能夠經常去關心這些時事，積累一些比較必要的背景知識，這對于考試而言真的是大有裨益的。

雅思閱讀考試題型特性之結構特點

大多數的雅思閱讀文章的結構往往就是人們常說的“倒金字塔”形式。這是指在一篇文章中那些重要的信息都放在開頭部分，尤其是開頭的前三段。也就是說，一篇文章的主題一般都會出現在前三段。一般我們可以把這樣的段落稱為導語段。文章一般都是把新聞所涉及的人物、時間、地點以及過程和結果都交待出來。讀者讀完了導語段之后也就知道了新聞的關鍵信息。

那么在接下來就是逐步向讀者交待事件發生的起因、過程、影響等信息。這是文章的主要部分，但是各種信息其實并不是平鋪直敘的，而是按照它們的重要性而先后出現來的。與事件直接相關的信息往往被認為是最重要的，因此位置靠前，然后才是一些比較次要的信息。

在這一部分，閱讀文章其實還可以交待消息的來源，并且時常引用一些記者在采訪中得到的有關人士的話，以證明消息的可靠。新聞往往還可以補充說明一些背景材料，有時文章不惜還會重復一些內容。

雅思閱讀模擬題：北京空氣污染

ON January 12th of last year, in an article in the print edition of The Economist, we reportedthat the public outcry over Beijing’s atrocious air quality was putting pressure on officials torelease more data about more kinds of pollutants. We also noted that Chinese authorities hadalready embarked on a wide range of strategies to improve air quality, and that they probablydeserve more credit than either foreign or domestic critics tend to give them. But weconcluded with the sad reality that such work takes decades, and that “Beijing residents willneed to wait before seeing improvements.”

On January 12th of this year, Beijing residents got an acrid taste of what that wait might belike, as they suffered a day of astonishingly bad air. Pollution readings went, quite literally, offthe charts. Saturday evening saw a reading of 755 on the Air Quality Index (AQI). That index isbased on the recently revised standards of the American Environmental Protection Agency (theEPA), which nominally maxes out at 500. For more perspective, consider that any readingabove 100 is deemed “unhealthy for sensitive groups” and that anything above 400 is rated“hazardous” for all.

Like many Beijing residents, your correspondent has mobile-phone apps that keep up withthe pollution readings. At an otherwise pleasant Saturday-evening meal with friends, he joinedhis companions in compulsively checking for updates.

Those previously unseen numbers were hard to believe, but they did seem to match upwell enough with the noxious soup we could see, smell and taste outside. We are all far morefamiliar with the specifics of air-quality measurement than we would like to be. Apart from theAQI readings above 700, we were quite struck to see the readings for the smallest and mostdangerous sort of particulate matter, called PM 2.5, which can enter deep into the respiratorysystem. These are named for the size, in microns, of the particles. A reading at a controversialmonitoring station run by the American embassy showed a PM 2.5 level of 886 micrograms percubic metre; Beijing’s own municipal monitoring centre acknowledged readings in excess of 700micrograms.

For perspective on that set of figures, consider that the guideline values set by the WorldHealth Organisation regard any air with more than 25 micrograms of PM 2.5 per cubic metre asbeing of unacceptable quality.

Chinese authorities have complained about the American embassy's insistence onindependently monitoring—and publicly reporting—Beijing’s air quality. And sometimes much ismade of the vast differences between those readings and China’s own official ones, which areoften less dire. Indeed, a key feature of one of those mobile-phone apps is the side-by-sidecomparison of those competing data-sets. (It is of course a bad sign that people here needmore than one app to keep up with all this.)

But on a day like Saturday, the discrepancy between official readings and independentones hardly seemed to matter; you didn't need a weatherman to know which way the ill windblew. Or failed to blow, as the case may have been. One expert quoted by Chinese mediaattributed this spike in pollution to a series of windless days that allowed pollutants toaccumulate.

But wind can be a problem when it does blow, too. In the outlying provinces that are part ofBeijing’s airshed, there is a great deal of heavy industry. Pollution regulations are much harderto enforce there. And, in this colder-than-average winter, people have been burning more coaland wood than usual.

It is likely to be many more Januarys to come before China gets the upper hand on its air-pollution problems. Indeed, as we mentioned last January 12th, after nearly sixty years oftrying and a vast amount of progress, the city of Los Angeles has yet to meet America's federalair-quality standards. If there is any consolation to what Beijing had to endure this January12th, it is that it should lend urgency to the public outcry, and help speed things in the rightdirection.

The other consolation is that readings like the ones showing now on Monday midday (inthe mid 300s, merely “hazardous” and “severely polluted”) feel fine by comparison.

參考譯文：

北京空氣污染——最黑暗的一天

去年1月12日，我們在印刷版的《經濟學人》中報道了公眾關于北京惡劣空氣質量的呼吁迫使官方發布更多種類污染物數據一事。我們也注意到中國政府開始著手于采用多種策略來提高空氣質量，因此他應該受到來自國外或者國內評論家更多的信任。但令人沮喪的現實是，這些工作需要花費數十年來完成，“在情況有所改觀以前，北京居民還需等待些許時日。”

今年1月12日，北京居民的等待換來的卻是辛辣的感覺，因為他們經歷了空氣質量出奇惡劣的一天。毫不夸張地，污染物讀數飆升，超過了記錄。星期六晚上，空氣質量指數為755.這個指數是基于美國環境保護署最近修改的標準，名義上的值為500.有更多觀點認為，指數只要高出100就會“不利于敏感人群的健康”，高出400的話，就會對所有人“有危險”。

像很多北京居民一樣，我們記者的移動手機應用程序可以時刻更新污染指數。本應該是一次和朋友相聚其樂融融的周六晚餐，他卻與同伴們不斷地檢查著數據的更新。

先前沒有看到的那些數字有些難以置信，但是從我們看到聞到外面濃厚的毒霧來判斷，應該也差不多。雖然我們不愿承認，但我們對測量空氣質量的細節心知肚明。除了空氣質量指數超過700之外，PM 2.5——空氣中最小但最危險并可以進入呼吸系統的一種懸浮顆粒——的讀數讓我們十分震驚。它們是按照粒子微米下的體積來命名的。來自一座有爭議的美國大使館監測站的數據顯示，PM 2.5的水平達到了886微克每立方米;北京市當地檢測中心承認數據超過了700微克。

基于這一組數據，有觀點認為，根據世界衛生組織指定的指導值，凡是PM 2.5高于25微克每立方米，即被認為是不能接受的空氣質量。

中國官方一直就美國大使館對北京空氣質量堅持獨自檢測并發布表示抱怨。有時候，美國的指數會與中國官方的有很大差異，中國的通常會相對緩和一些。的確，移動手機應用的主要特征之一就是那些相互競爭的數據收集站的平行比較。(當然，這里的人們需要不止一個應用程序來更新這些數據，這并不是個好的現象。)

但是在這樣一個星期六，官方的數據與獨立監測站之間的差異也顯得不重要了;你也不需要氣象員來告訴你渾濁的氣體是朝哪邊吹的。或者說，事實上是根本沒有在流動。引用中國媒體的報道，一位專家將這次污染指數爆表歸罪于連續幾天無風導致的污染物積聚。

但是當起風的時候，也會出現問題。在北京氣流區域的邊遠省份有很多重工業。這些地區的污染管理更難實施。此外，在這個比平時要寒冷的冬季，人們燒了更多的煤和木柴。

看來，中國還需要很多年才能在空氣質量問題上有所成效。確實，正如我們在去年1月12日提到的那樣，洛杉磯通過大約六十年的努力和大量進展才達到了美國聯邦空氣標準。如果說對北京在這個1月12日必須承受的壓力有些許安慰的建議，那就是北京應該更為緊迫地應對民眾呼吁，并且促進事物往正確的方向發展。

另一個慰藉就是像星期一中午發布的指數(大概300過半，僅僅是“對人危險的”和“嚴重污染”)在相比之下就容易接受多了。

雅思閱讀考試模擬練習題

In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.

At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.

Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.

1. Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.

A man became more civilized

B smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time

C more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker

D farmers hadn't enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers

2. Money was not used until _______.

A paper was invented

B people practiced a simple process of exchange

C nothing could be offered in exchange

D the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated

3. The best title for this passage is _____.

A What is money